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Quick know-how of sawmilling industry and forestry

In this page we have collected some of the wood-industry “key terms” that can help You to orientate in forestry and sawmilling communication. We are continually up-dating the list, so if You can’t find the term You are looking for then please come back soon or ask us!

  • RAWMATERIAL (ROUND WOOD):
    • ROUND WOOD - rawmaterial for sawmilling and wood industry. Also refered as logs. In some countries named as “timber”.
    • PULP LOGS - mostly used to describe small diameter logs which can’t be used to produce sawn timber. Commonly used as rawmaterial in paper industry.
    • WHITEWOOD - often used to refer to wood spiece Picea abies (Norway Spruce).
    • REDWOOD - often used to refer to wood spiece Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine).
    • CHIPS - side product of sawmilling industry. Mostly used as rawmaterial for paper making.
  • SAWING:
    • SAWN TIMBER - commonly used to describe processed wood, which already shaped by sawing machine. The term can be different in other countries, for example in North America the term “lumber” is used.
    • SAWING PATTERN - describes the certain set and position of board dimensions selected that will be sawn out from one round wood.
    • BLUE STAIN - type of wood defect that is caused by mould or fungous. Common problem in summer time if fresh round wood or un-kilned sawntimber is left outside too long. To minimize the risk of blue stain and mould the fresh logs should constanly sprinkled by water and sawn timber packages should have separation laths between each layer and should be stored as windy area as possible.
    • FOHS - free of heart center. Sawing method where no heart wood is allowed in main product. The section of heart wood is rejected or produced into other size.
    • EX-LOG - commonly used to describe the sawing method. Number before the term “ex-log” is showing how many pieces of timber is cutted from the middle section of the log.
    • CENTERBOARD or CENTERCUT - term is used to describe the the cutted timber position within sawing pattern. Timber which is cut from the middle section of the log. Usually centerboards are with the higher quality and value.
    • SIDEBOARD or SIDECUT - used to describe the cutted timber position within sawing pattern. Sideboard is the timber which is cut from the side section of the log.
    • OVER MEASURE - used mostly when discussing about unkilned timber (WET) to indicate how much is the kilning margin. Usually stated as % from the thichkness or width. Timber is shrinking during the kilning and there have to be some margin if you want to get certain measure after the kilning. EXAMPLE: if 50x150 spruce timber is kilned to 18% moisture then the actual sawing size must be around 52x156 (~4% of the volume will shrink in kilns).
    • SQUARE EDGED - edges of the timber are cut with 90 degrees. Used to describe the quality of sawn timber. Usually square edged timber is with higher value.
    • WANE EDGED - Used to describe the quality of sawn timber. Wane is the edge area where round wood surface is still visible. Can be caused by selecting wrong diameter of roundwood, sawing defect or mechanical damage. Material with wane is sometimes refered as “lower grade”.
    • YIELD - indicating the amount of main products (mostly sawn timber) that is gained from production. Usually stated as % of volume. Yield 50% is indicating that from one 1m3 of logs the outcome of sawntimber is 0.5m3. Yield can be described also as in amount of logs that is needed to produce 1m3 of timber. Yield 2.0 meaning that to produce 1m3 of sawntimber the amount of 2.0m3 of logs are needed this is also equal to 50%. Yield 45% in other way is 2.22.
  • KILNING (MOISTURE):
    • KILNS - nowadays there are 2 basic types of kilns used: CHAMBER and CHANNEL method. In chamber there is certain amount of timber (mostly in same size), goes into the chamber and its kept inside till targeted moisture level is reached. CHANNEL is the continious movement system where one wagon timber is moving into the channel from one side and the same time from the other end one wa
    • KD (Kiln Dried) - used to indicate refer to kilndried timber. Number after them “KD” is indicating the moisture % within timber it has been kilned to. EXAMPLE: KD18 - timber is kilned to 18% moisture (construction). KD8 - timber is kilned to 8% (furniture).
    • WET - used to describe unkilned “fresh” timber. Also refered as “unseasoned”, “green”
    • SHIPPING DRY - used to refer to timber which is kilned to KD 18% .... 20%.
    • SPECIAL DRY - used to refer to timber which is kilned to KD 8% .... 14%.
  • PACKING:
    • LP (Length Package) - Term to describe the package type (usually 1m in height and 1m in width) where in the pack all the pieces of timber are with the same length.
    • TP (Truck Package) - Term to describe the package type (usually 1m in height and 1m in width) where pieces with several lengths are packed into one pack
    • KP (Kilning Package) - Term to describe the package type that is used during the kiln drying of the timber. Size of the package may vary based of the kilning method used, but generally there are separation laths between each layer of the timber. This is done to improve the air and wind movement between the timber to ensure the quick and stable kilning of the material.
  • PLANING:
    • PLANED TIMBER - commonly used to describe processed wood, which is already shaped / profiled by planing machine.
    • SHAVINGS - side product of planing process. Small thin strips of wood that can be used as rawmaterial for burning pellets.
    • MOE - module of elasticity. Describes how much of piece of sawntimber is bending if certain amount force is applyed to timber. Value is used to determine the strength of timber. Commonly used for estimating the value of MOR.
    • MOR - module of rupture. Describes the force needed to break the piece of sawn timber.
    • MSR - machine stress rated. The production process where the strength of sawn timber is evaluated by special machinery. Many technologies available for this purpose.
    • Value is used to determine the strength of sawn timber.
    • S4S PLANING - surfaced 4 sides. Material is planed on all 4-sides or “planed-all-around”.
    • CLS PLANING - Canadian Lumber Standard.
    • PET - precise end trimming. Describes very accurate length trimming method.

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